Exception Handling

• Exceptions are a way of handling errors and unexpected situations in a program.
• Using the raise keyword, followed by an exception object or class.
• The exception object can be any class that inherits from the built-in Exception type.
• Exception classes can generally be instantiated with a single str type argument that acts as an exception message.
• Most exceptions are derived from the Exception class. As such, a general except Exception will match most raised exceptions.

try:
    # code that may raise an exception
    raise ArithmeticError
except (KeyError, ValueError):
    print("handle Key and Value errors")
except ArithmeticError as err:
    print(type(err))